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Names and places inJourneys in Mongolia

C. W. Campbell

Who and where you hear about in C. W. Campbell's account: 18 places, 9 people, 5 peoples and 2 terms, each with the name it goes by today, in the order the narration reaches them.

Places

1Kalgan2345Urga6Kerulon789

  1. Kalgan

    ZhangjiakouХаалганIn 5 other books ›

    The walled trade town at a gate in the Great Wall, the caravan gateway between China and Mongolia and an end-point of the old Kiakhta–Kalgan road. Today it is Zhangjiakou, in Hebei.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  2. Kiakhta

    KyakhtaХиагтIn 1 other book ›

    The Russian frontier town on the Siberian border, the northern terminus of the old tea-caravan road across the Gobi to Kalgan, and the gateway by which Russian missions reached Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  3. Dolon Nor

    DuolunДолоон нуур

    A monastery-and-market town on the southern edge of the plateau, its name meaning 'Seven Lakes.' A great centre of Mongol lamaseries and bronze-casting; today the town of Duolun in Inner Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  4. Kwei-hua-cheng

    HohhotХөх хот

    The trade city on the south-western Mongol border that Father Huc named the 'Blue Town' — Kökeqota, today Hohhot, capital of Inner Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  5. Uliasutai

    UliastaiУлиастайIn 5 other books ›

    A western Mongolian garrison and administrative town under the Qing, on the caravan road from Kwei-hua-cheng toward Kobdo and the Siberian frontier. Today it is Uliastai, capital of Zavkhan Province.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  6. Khingan

    Их Хянган

    The Greater Khingan range, the forested mountain wall that divides the Mongolian plateau from the plains of Manchuria — the eastern edge of the country the author set out to fill in on the map.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  7. Dalai Nor

    Dali Lake

    A large lake of Inner Mongolia (modern Dali Nur), the northern limit of Przhevalsky's travels. 'Dalai nor' means 'sea-lake,' a name borne by more than one great Mongolian lake.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  8. Peking

    BeijingБээжинIn 6 other books ›

    Beijing (older spelling Peking), the author's base. Under the Mongols it was Kublai's winter capital Cambaluc (Khanbaligh, the 'Great Court'), from which a Mongol ruled the largest empire in Asian history.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  9. Urga

    UlaanbaatarӨргөөIn 6 other books ›

    The old name for Mongolia's capital, the monastic city of the Living Buddha. 'Urga' renders the Mongolian Өргөө ('palace'); it was renamed Ulaanbaatar ('Red Hero') in 1924.

    First heard in Chapter 2: Peking to KalganWikipedia

  10. Kerulon

    Kherlen RiverХэрлэн голIn 1 other book ›

    The Kherlen, the great river of eastern Mongolia that rises in the Kentei mountains and flows to Lake Hulun. Its valley was the cradle of Genghis Khan's people, and the author follows much of its course.

    First heard in Chapter 3: The Chahar CountryWikipedia

  11. Shang-tu

    Shangdu (Xanadu)Шанду

    Kublai Khan's summer capital, the 'Xanadu' of Coleridge's poem — the ruined pleasure-city of the Yuan emperors on the grassland north of the Wall. The author visited its ramparts near Dolon Nor.

    First heard in Chapter 3: The Chahar CountryWikipedia

  12. Shang-tu Gol

    Shangdu (Shandian) RiverШанду гол

    The river running past the Xanadu ruins, which gives its grassy valley the same name ('Gol' = river). The plateau was waterless until the author reached it; today it is the Shangdu (Shandian) River, the upper course of the Luan.

    First heard in Chapter 3: The Chahar CountryWikipedia

  13. Khailar

    HailarХайлаар

    The chief town of the Bargut country in north-eastern Inner Mongolia (the Hulunbuir steppe), on the river of the same name — a goal of the author's eastward march.

    First heard in Chapter 5: East Hochid and UchimuchinWikipedia

  14. Tsetsen Khanate

    Setsen Khan aimagЦэцэн хан

    The easternmost of the four great Khalkha aimags (princely provinces) of Outer Mongolia, named for its ruling Tsetsen (Setsen) Khan. Much of the author's route lay within its banners along the Kerulen.

    First heard in Chapter 6: Khalha RiverWikipedia

  15. Bur Nor

    Buir LakeБуйр нуур

    Buir Lake, on the present Mongolia–China border, whose overflow runs by the Ursun river to Lake Hulun. A rich fishing and pasture ground of the eastern steppe.

    First heard in Chapter 6: Khalha RiverWikipedia

  16. Kulun Nor

    Hulun LakeХөлөн нуурIn 1 other book ›

    Lake Hulun (Dalai Nor) in the Hulunbuir grassland, the great lake that takes the overflow of Buir Lake by the Ursun river — among the largest lakes of Inner Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 7: Bur NorWikipedia

  17. Ursun Gol

    Orshuun (Wuerxun) RiverОрчуун гол

    The short, sluggish river that carries the overflow of Buir Lake down to Lake Hulun (Chinese Wuerxun, 乌尔逊) — so flat that its current is barely perceptible. Despite the similar romanisation, it is not the great Orkhon of central Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 7: Bur NorWikipedia

  18. Kentei

    Khentii MountainsХэнтий

    The Khentii range north-east of Urga, the forested watershed from which the Kerulen, Onon, and Tula rivers spring — the sacred mountains of Genghis Khan's homeland.

    First heard in Chapter 8: The Kerulon ValleyWikipedia

People

  1. Huc

    Father Évariste Huc, the Lazarist missionary whose popular 1850s 'Travels in Tartary' described this country to Europe — including Kwei-hua-cheng, which he called the 'Blue Town.'

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  2. Ney Elias

    The British explorer and diplomat Ney Elias, the most notable Englishman to have crossed Mongolia before the author — his route ran from Kwei-hua-cheng west to Uliasutai, Kobdo, and the Siberian frontier.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  3. Gerbillon

    Жан-Франсуа ЖербийонIn 1 other book ›

    Jean-François Gerbillon, the French Jesuit at the Kangxi court who crossed eastern Mongolia in the 1690s and left the earliest careful European route-descriptions of it — the author's chief forerunner two centuries before.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  4. Prjevalski

    Nikolai PrzhevalskyНиколай ПржевальскийIn 1 other book ›

    Nikolai Przhevalsky, the Russian army officer and explorer whose expeditions opened much of inner Asia to science (the wild Przewalski's horse is named for him). He had reached only as far as the Dalai Nor of Inner Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  5. Pozdnyéev

    Aleksei Pozdneyev

    Aleksei M. Pozdneyev, the Russian Mongolist whose detailed surveys of the country and its monasteries were among the fullest then in print, and a constant point of reference for the author.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  6. Kanghsi

    Kangxi EmperorЭнх-Амгалан хаанIn 1 other book ›

    The great Kangxi Emperor (reigned 1661–1722) of the Manchu Qing dynasty, whom the author calls 'the roi soleil of the Manchu dynasty.' His reign fixed Qing control over the Mongol lands.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  7. Kublai

    Хубилай хаанIn 3 other books ›

    Genghis' grandson, founder of the Yuan dynasty and emperor of a Mongol-ruled China. He built both Cambaluc (Peking) as his winter capital and Shang-tu as his summer one — the 'Xanadu' of legend.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  8. Larsen

    Монгол гүн ЛарсонIn 2 other books ›

    Frans August "F. A." Larson, the Swedish missionary and horse-trader of Kalgan known as the "Duke of Mongolia" (Монгол гүн Ларсон). He bought the author's caravan of camels and ponies in advance and rode with him as far as the Kerulen, sharing his deep knowledge of the country.

    First heard in Chapter 3: The Chahar CountryWikipedia

  9. Jinghis

    Genghis KhanЧингис хаанIn 7 other books ›

    Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, whose homeland — the Kerulen valley and the Kentei mountains — the author crosses. Born and buried in this eastern heartland of Mongolia.

    First heard in Chapter 5: East Hochid and UchimuchinWikipedia

Peoples

  1. Chahar

    ЦахарIn 2 other books ›

    A southern Mongol group settled along the Wall north of Kalgan, organised by the Qing into the Eight Chahar Banners under direct military administration. The author toured their country in 1899.

    First heard in Chapter 1: IntroductionWikipedia

  2. Khalha

    KhalkhaХалх

    The Khalkha, the largest Mongol group and the people of Outer Mongolia proper, organised under the Qing into four aimags. They make up the bulk of the modern Mongolian nation.

    First heard in Chapter 3: The Chahar CountryWikipedia

  3. Abagha

    AbagaАвга

    The Abaga, a Mongol banner-people of the Shilingol grassland whose name means 'paternal uncle' (авга) — descended from the people Genghis Khan granted to his half-brother Belgutei. The author passed through their pastures toward the White Pagoda.

    First heard in Chapter 4: Dalai Nor RegionWikipedia

  4. Uchimuchin

    ÜjümüchinҮзэмчин

    The Üjümüchin, a Mongol banner-people of the Shilingol grassland, divided into a Greater ('Ikhe') and Lesser banner. The author crossed Ikhe Uchimuchin under the guidance of an old noble.

    First heard in Chapter 5: East Hochid and UchimuchinWikipedia

  5. Hochid

    KhuchidХучид

    A Mongol banner-people of the Shilingol region, split into an East banner (Зүүн Хучид — the author's 'Jun Hochid') and a West banner (Баруун Хучид). He entered their country from the Abaga district along the Shilin Gol.

    First heard in Chapter 5: East Hochid and UchimuchinWikipedia

Terms

  1. Hoshun

    banner (khoshuu)хошуу

    The 'banner' (khoshuu) — the basic administrative and military district of Qing Mongolia, each under its own hereditary noble. The author's route is measured banner by banner: the Abaga Hoshun, the East Banner of the Hochids, and so on.

    First heard in Chapter 3: The Chahar CountryWikipedia

  2. Beise

    бэйс

    A Mongol-Manchu princely rank (бэйс), below a prince ('wang') in the Qing order of nobility. A beise's banner-seat could lend its name to a place, as with 'Sam Beise Urgo.'

    First heard in Chapter 8: The Kerulon ValleyWikipedia

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