Names and places inLarson, Duke of Mongolia

Genghis Khan

Чингис хаанIn 7 other books ›

Founder of the Mongol Empire, who united the steppe tribes into the largest contiguous land empire in history — the heroic measure against which Larson sees the Mongols he knew.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

The Living Buddha

Bogd KhanБогд хаанIn 4 other books ›

The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the "Living Buddha" of Urga and head of Mongolian Buddhism — the Mongol god-king. In 1911 he became the Bogd Khan, ruler of newly autonomous Mongolia.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

K’ang-hsi

Kangxi EmperorЭнх-Амгалан хаанIn 1 other book ›

The Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722), the great Qing sovereign under whom the Khalkha Mongols submitted to Manchu rule and the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk fixed the China–Russia border. Larson marks his reign as the turn when China, long a vassal of Mongolia, became its overlord.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Prince of Hanta

Чин ван Ханддорж

Larson's close friend and hunting companion, a Chin Wang prince with a residence at Urga. He is Чин ван Ханддорж (Mijiddorjiin Khanddorj), a leader of Mongolia's 1911 independence movement and the Bogd Khan's first foreign minister. His son appears in the book as the "young Duke of Hanta."

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Dalai Lama

Далай ламIn 2 other books ›

The 13th Dalai Lama (Thubten Gyatso), Tibet's spiritual and temporal head, who took refuge at Urga in 1904 during the British invasion of Tibet and later stayed in Peking.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Duke of Hanta

Данзанжамц

Danzanjamts (Данзанжамц), son of the Prince of Hanta (Khanddorj) and Larson's most intimate Mongol friend until his early death. While the 13th Dalai Lama stayed at Urga, the young Duke became his special favorite.

First heard in Chapter 1, The Nobles

Prince Lob-Tsen Yen-Tsen

Lubsangjantsan beiseЛувсанжанцан бэйсIn 1 other book ›

A Mongol prince and long-time friend of Larson, with a comfortable residence five miles west of Urga. He is Лувсанжанцан бэйс — the same noble Roy Chapman Andrews calls "Duke Loobitsan Yangsen" in Across Mongolian Plains.

First heard in Chapter 1, The Nobles

Sven Hedin

The renowned Swedish geographer and explorer of Central Asia. Larson accompanied him on his Sino-Swedish expedition through Sinkiang (Xinjiang).

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Prince Tsereng Dorch'i

TserendorjХичээнгүй сайд Цэрэндорж

For the last twenty years of his life the ruling spirit of North Mongolia, who held on as prime minister through the upheavals of Little Hsü, Baron Ungern, and the revolution. He is Хичээнгүй сайд Цэрэндорж (Balingiin Tserendorj) — not the hunter Tserin Dorchy of Across Mongolian Plains.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Little Hsü

Xu ShuzhengСюй Шучжэн

"Little Hsü," the Chinese general Xu Shuzheng (whom Larson also calls General Hsu Shu-Tseng), who marched into Urga in 1919 and forced Mongolia to renounce its autonomy — until Baron Ungern drove the Chinese out.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Baron Ungern

Roman von Ungern-SternbergРоман Унгерн фон ШтернбергIn 2 other books ›

Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, the "Mad Baron" — a White Russian general who stormed Urga in 1921, restored the Bogd Khan, and ruled by terror before his capture and execution.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Prince of Sunit

Demchugdongrub (De Wang)Сөнидийн Дэ ван Дэмчигдонров

The prince of the Sünid (Sunit) banner who hosted Larson — he wrote the book's closing chapter in his palace. He is Сөнидийн Дэ ван Дэмчигдонров, the "De Wang," who became the leading figure of the Inner Mongolian autonomy movement.

First heard in Chapter 1, The NoblesWikipedia

Kublai Khan

Хубилай хаанIn 3 other books ›

Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Yuan dynasty, who completed the Mongol conquest of China and whose court Marco Polo described.

First heard in Chapter 2, The PeopleWikipedia

Tsai-Di Lama

ChagdarjavЧагдаржав

A lama who rose from tending one of the Living Buddha's horse herds to high office, introduced to Larson by the Bogd Khan himself. Identified as Чагдаржав.

First heard in Chapter 3, Lamaism

Jalang-Se Lama

Jalkhanz Khutagt DamdinbazarЖалханз хутагт Дамдинбазар

The Jalang-Se Lama, prime minister of Mongolia, to whom Larson turned for help in working through North Mongolia. He was Жалханц хутагт Дамдинбазар (Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar), a reincarnate lama who twice led the government.

First heard in Chapter 3, LamaismWikipedia

Roy Chapman Andrews

The American naturalist and explorer who led the American Museum's Central Asiatic Expeditions across the Gobi and wrote Across Mongolian Plains. A friend of Larson's; several of these same Mongol princes appear in his books.

First heard in Chapter 3, LamaismWikipedia

Marco Polo

The 13th-century Venetian traveler whose account of Kublai Khan's court first carried Mongolia and Cathay to European readers. Larson repeatedly measures the land he knows against Polo's descriptions.

First heard in Chapter 6, HorsesWikipedia

Prince Tochen Tachi

TogtokhТогтох тайж

Larson's friend Тогтох тайж (Togtokh), a noted Mongol warrior-prince of the eastern steppe remembered for his armed resistance against Qing colonization.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political History

Nurhachu

NurhaciНурхач

Nurhaci, the chieftain who united the Jurchen tribes of Manchuria and in 1618 launched the wars against China that founded the Manchu (Qing) state. The Manchu line that ruled Mongolia for the next three centuries begins with him.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

T’ai Tshung

Hong TaijiХун Тайж

Nurhaci's son and successor, who proclaimed the Qing dynasty and brought the southern Mongols under Manchu rule. He is Hong Taiji (Abahai).

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Durgan

DorgonДоргон

The Manchu prince who, as regent for the boy-emperor Shun Chih, led the Manchu armies through the Great Wall in 1644 and seized Peking, founding Qing rule over China. He is Dorgon.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Shun Chih

Shunzhi EmperorШунжи

The first Qing emperor to reign from Peking, enthroned as a child in 1644 under the regent Dorgon. He is the Shunzhi Emperor.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Tse Ling

Galdan TserenГалданцэрэн

The 18th-century Oirat chieftain who reunited the western Mongol tribes under one government and kept peace with the Manchus. He is Галданцэрэн (Galdan Tseren), khan of the Dzungars (Зүүнгар).

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Amursama

AmarsanaaАмарсанаа

Амарсанаа (Amarsanaa), the 18th-century Oirat prince who seized power among the western Mongols after Galdan Tseren, then turned on the Manchus and raided into China before the Qing crushed his revolt — the last bid to unite the tribes. (Larson spells the name "Amursama.")

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Ch’ien Lung

Qianlong EmperorЦянь Лун

The Qianlong Emperor, the Manchu sovereign whose armies destroyed Amursana's revolt and brought the western Mongols (the Dzungars) finally under Qing rule in the 1750s.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Yuan Shih-kai

Yuan ShikaiЮань Шикай

Yuan Shikai, first president (and would-be emperor) of the Chinese Republic, whose government pressed Mongolia to trade full independence for mere autonomy.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Sain-noin Khan

NamnansürenСайн ноён хан Намнансүрэн

President of the Mongol Council of Ministers (prime minister), who died suddenly in the spring of 1919 amid Chinese-spread rumors that he had been poisoned. He was Сайн ноён хан Намнансүрэн (Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren), a leader of the independence movement who had headed the 1913 mission to St. Petersburg.

First heard in Chapter 8, Political HistoryWikipedia

Gerbillon

Жан-Франсуа ЖербийонIn 1 other book ›

Jean-François Gerbillon, the French Jesuit at the Manchu court whose journals record an early crossing of Mongolia. He helped negotiate the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk between China and Russia.

First heard in Chapter 11, ExpeditionsWikipedia

Prjevalski

Nikolai PrzhevalskyНиколай ПржевальскийIn 1 other book ›

Nikolai Przhevalsky, the pioneering Russian explorer of Central Asia under whom Kozlov trained. The wild horse of the Mongolian steppe — the takhi, Przewalski's horse — carries his name.

First heard in Chapter 11, ExpeditionsWikipedia

Koslov

Pyotr KozlovПётр Козлов

Pyotr Kozlov, the Russian explorer and archaeologist Larson met on his first visit to Urga. A protégé of Przhevalsky, he is best remembered for excavating the dead Tangut city of Khara-Khoto in the Gobi.

First heard in Chapter 11, ExpeditionsWikipedia